Cost to Taxpayers for Use of Government-Owned Airplanes

The President of the United States and the Vice President are not the only non-military U.S. government officials who regularly fly on aircraft (Air Force One and Two) owned and operated by the U.S. government at the cost of taxpayers. The U.S. Attorney General and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) not only fly - for business and pleasure -- on aircraft owned and operated by the Department of Justice; they are required to do so by executive branch policy. Background: The Justice Department Air Force According to a recent report released by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Department of Justice (DOJ) owns, leases and operates a fleet of airplanes and helicopters used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the United States Marshals Service (USMS). While many of the DOJs aircraft, including a growing number of unmanned drones, are used for counterterrorism and criminal surveillance, drug smuggling interdiction, and transporting prisoners, other aircraft are used to transport certain executives of the various DOJ agencies for official and personal travel. According to the GAO, the U.S. Marshals Service currently operates 12 aircraft primarily for air surveillance and prisoner transportThe FBI primarily uses its aircraft for mission operations but also operates a small fleet of large-cabin, long-range business jets, including two Gulfstream Vs, for both mission and nonmission travel. These aircraft possess long-range capabilities that enable FBI to conduct long-distance domestic and international flights without the need to stop for refueling. According to the FBI, the DOJ rarely authorizes the use of the Gulfstream Vs for nonmission travel, except for travel by the Attorney General and FBI Director. Who Flies and Why? Travel aboard the DOJs aircraft can be for mission-required purposes or for nonmission purposes - personal travel.Requirements for the use of government aircraft by the federal agencies for travel are established and enforced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the General Services Administration (GSA). Under these requirements, most agency personnel who make personal, nonmission, flights on government aircraft must reimburse the government for the use of the aircraft. But Two Executives Can Always Use Government Aircraft According to the GAO, two DOJ executives, the U.S. Attorney General and the FBI Director, are designated by the President of the United States as required use travelers, meaning they are authorized to travel aboard DOJ or other government aircraft regardless of their trip purpose, including personal travel.Why? Even when they travel for personal reasons, the Attorney General -- seventh in the line of presidential succession -- and the FBI Director are required to have special protective services and secure communications while in flight. The presence of top-level government executives and their security details on regular commercial aircraft would be disruptive and increase the potential risk to other passengers.However, DOJ officials told the GAO that until 2011, the FBI Director, unlike the Attorney General, was allowed the discretion to use commercial air service for his personal travel.The Attorney General and the FBI Director are required to reimburse the government for any trav el made aboard government aircraft for personal or political reasons.br/>Other agencies are allowed to designate required use travelers on a trip-by-trip basis. How Much Does It Cost Taxpayers? The GAOs investigation found that from fiscal years 2007 through 2011, three U.S. Attorneys General -- Alberto Gonzales, Michael Mukasey and Eric Holder - and FBI Director Robert Mueller made 95% (659 out of 697 flights) of all Department of Justice nonmission-related flights aboard government aircraft at a total cost of $11.4 million.Specifically, notes the GAO, the AG and FBI Director collectively took 74 percent (490 out of 659) of all of their flights for business purposes, such as conferences, meetings, and field office visits; 24 percent (158 out of 659) for personal reasons; and 2 percent (11 out of 659) for a combination of business and personal reasons.According to the DOJ and FBI data reviewed by the GAO, the Attorneys General and the FBI Director fully reimbursed the government for flights made on government aircraft for personal reasons.Of the $11.4 million spent from 2007 through 2011, for flights taken by the Attorneys General and FBI Director, $1.5 million was spent to relocate the aircraft they used from a secret location to Ronald Reagan National Airport and back. The FBI also uses the unmarked, covert airport to initiate sensitive operations.Except for travel by the Attorney General and the FBI Director, GSA regulations provide that taxpayers should pay no more than necessary for transportation and that travel on government aircraft may be authorized only when a government aircraft is the most cost effective mode of travel, noted the GAO. In general, the agencies are required to book air travel on more cost-effective commercial airlines whenever possible.In addition, the federal agencies are not allowed to consider personal preference or convenience when considering alternative modes of travel. The regulations allow the agencies to use government aircraft for non-mission purposes only when no commercial airline can fulfill the agencys scheduling demands, or when the actual cost of using a government aircraft is the same as or less than the cos t of flying on a commercial airline. How Many Airplanes do the Federal Agencies Own? In July 2016, the Government Accountability Office reported that 11 non-military executive branch federal agencies owned 924 aircraft, excluding those that are loaned, leased, or otherwise provided to other entities. The inventory of aircraft included: 495 fixed-wing airplanes,414 helicopters,14 unmanned aircraft systems (drones), and1 glider. The Department of State owned the most aircraft (248), making it the federal government’s largest non-military aviation fleet. The combined 11 agencies reported spending approximately $661 million to use and maintain their owned aircraft in fiscal year 2015. Besides basic transportation, the aircraft are used for a variety of purposes, including law enforcement, scientific research, and firefighting.

Shoe Horn Sonata - 958 Words

The Shoe Horn Sonata- The Shoe Horn Sonata provides an insight into the lives of two women who were made prisoners of war by the Japanese and explores the little known and horrific conditions and events the women endured. With the use of distinctively visual techniques, John Misto brings Bridie and Sheila’s experience vividly to life. Through the use of projected images, sound, music and symbolism; the horrors of war, survival and resilience are portrayed throughout the drama. Misto uses an array of projected images on stage to illustrate the horrors of war to the audience. The photographs projected behind the women, as they retell their struggles, supports their stories by transporting them and the audience back into the past and†¦show more content†¦Although a humorous part in the play, it displays their wants and needs for survival. As the women form a choir within the camp, the shoehorn takes on an essential role in the women’s existence. It is used as a metronome, driving the music, lifting the spirits of each woman and emotionally allowing them to rise above the deprivation and horror around them. This notion is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"together we made this glorious sound that rose above the camp – above the jungle – above the war – rose and rose and took us with it. Fifty voices set us free†. Most predominantly the shoe horn becomes a symbol of the pain and shame Sheila held for 50 years and the s acrifice she was willing to make in order to save a friends life. Once the shoe horn is returned to Bridie, it becomes a symbol of the women’s redemption of friendship and whipes out the pain and suffering they both had felt since the completion of the war. The symbolism throughout the drama portrays to the audience that in various situations the women used what they had in order to survive and carry on with their lives. Misto uses distinctively visual techniques through the drama to portray to the audience the experiences and feelings Bridie and Shelia felt throughout their tribulation. With the use of projected images, sound effects, music and symbolism, Misto displays the horrors of war, resilience and survival tactics of the women and aims at strengthening the knowledge and appreciation of the women whoShow MoreRelatedShoe-Horn Sonata1248 Words   |  5 Pagestechniques such as body language, symbolism, lighting, music and photographic background slides create distinctively visual images same with themes that are being used within the texts such as truth which is evident in the dramatic text ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonata’ by John Misto, the song ‘Lose Yourself’ sang by Eminem, and the film ‘The Eye’ directed by David Moreau and Xavier Palud featuring Jessica Alba. These three texts demonstrate how the responders are impacted and what is interrupted within theRead MoreShoe Horn Sonata1775 Words   |  8 PagesPAPER 2 SECTION 2 Practice Essay Module B The Shoe- Horn Sonata *** â€Å"The Shoe- Horn Sonata† is a play by John Misto that gives an insight into two lives of two female POWs in WW II and is a vector of Misto’s thoughts. It explores the little known and often terrible events associated with female prisoners of war. The play follows a friendship of two women through the war to a point of tension that’s beyond what any normal friendship would have to deal with. Misto engages his audience by using a multitudeRead MoreThe Shoe Horn Sonata Analysis1102 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Misto, the creator of the Australian play ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonata’ used distinctly visual techniques to highlight the past distinctive experiences during World War II, shared by two friends, Sheila and Bridie. Through the use of powerful dialogue, and engaging dramatic techniques, Misto explores, through their testimonies, the untold story of hundreds and thousands of women imprisoned by the Japanese in South East Asia. Misto features the play ar ound the recounts and flashbacks of Bridie, anRead MoreShoe Horn Sonata Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesShoe Horn Sonata: In Misto’s play contrast is a powerful dramatic device. Describe its use in the Shoe Horn Sonata. â€Å"Shoe Horn Sonata is an impressive story of courage, hope, horror and friendship. This play is a tribute to commemorate the bravery of the women and to make their story of survival widely known. The historical context that the story has enables us to learn about the past events and to understand the true meaning of war and its consequences. The play draws on real events, the MassacreRead MoreShoe Horn Sonata the Send Off1149 Words   |  5 PagesDistinctively Visual Essay – Shoe Horn Sonata The Send Off In John Misto’s play ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonata’ (1996) and the poem ‘The Send-Off’ written by Wilfred Owen distinctively visual techniques are used to explore past experiences of war and individuals and society’s perceptions. These concepts are conveyed and explored through the use of distinctively visual techniques such as visual and aural imagery, stage directions and dialoged. In ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonta’ distinctly visual techniquesRead MoreDistinctly Visual: Shoe Horn Sonata Supplementary Text1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinctly visual leads us to think about significant issues in our world. Do you agree? In your response make detailed reference to distinctly visual qualities of The Shoe-Horn Sonata and ONE other text of your choosing. Many composers use various techniques in which they communicate the distinctly visual. John Misto’s ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonata’ and Alexander Kimel’s ‘The Action in the Ghetto of Rohatyn, March 1942’ represent significant issues in our world by using various literary and dramatic techniquesRead MoreShoe Horn Sonata Distinctive Visual Essay example856 Words   |  4 PagesDistinctively visual texts use a variety of techniques to convey the experiences during the war. In John Misto’s 1996 play ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonata’ which is about women nurses enduring Japanese POW camps, such distinctive experiences as power and survival are shown through techniques like lighting, projecting image, sound, symbols, dialogue and body language. In Kenneth Slessor’s 1942 poem ‘Beach Burial’ he also comments about survival in war and the power in distinctively visual waysRead MoreShoe Horn Sonata Distinctively Visual Themes1487 Words   |  6 PagesDistinctively Visual Image Page 52 â€Å"On the other side of our barbed wire fence were twenty or thirty Aussie men – as skinny as us – and wearing slouch hats. Unlike the Japs, they had hairy legs. And they were standing in rows – serenading us.† John Misto created a written visual image that comes through in Act 1 Scene 7 (Page 52). This is brought up in the play when Bridie and Sheila are being interviewed by Rick (Host), they were originally talking about the conditions that they were in, how theyRead MoreShoe-Horn1375 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation, and visualising a text requires the responder to interpret all of the images presented. The text Shoe-Horn Sonata by John Misto first appears as a play about two friends restoring their relationship after 50 years apart, however, realistically it also implies that war is a futile and horrendous experience. It is the combination of techniques in the Shoe-Horn Sonata that allows the viewer to see the different aspects of the text. John Misto uses traditional dramatic techniques suchRead MoreEnglish Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesthe audience is able to be exposed to the intense illustrations exemplified by composers. Spudvilla’s portrayal of â€Å"Woolvs in the sitee† demonstrates the child’s inability to reconcile with himself. Contrasting to this notion; the playwright â€Å"Shoe-horn Sonata† to expose the brutal reality of POW camps during WWII. Therefore, distinctively visual forces the audience to succumb to the barriers society creates. It is through distinctively visual representations and graphic depiction that allows the

A Tale of Two Cities Assorted Themes Essay Example For Students

A Tale of Two Cities: Assorted Themes Essay The Tale of Two Cities has many assorted themes. The themes areinterconnected with each other. Theme plays a big part in the plot a book. Theopinions formed by the audience, of the characters, are also affected by thethemes in a book. Three themes in this book are sacrifice, love and hate, anddeath; these themes show up many times in this book. The themes in this bookare shown through the characters and their actions. Sacrifice shows up in the book many times. Sacrifice is giving upsomething that is apart of your life that you do not really want to give up. The greatest sacrifice in the book is Cartons death. He sacrifices his lifefor his love for Lucie Manette. Sydney Carton met his death with great dignity. In fulfilling his old promise to Lucie, Carton attains peace; those watching seeThe peacefullest mans face ever beheld(366) at the guillotine. CharlesDarnay gives up his estate in France, for the idea of working in England. Hisdecision to become a teacher put him in a conflict with his uncle, the MarquisSt. Evremonde. Miss Pross lost her hearing when she tried to stop MadameDefarge from killing Lucie and her family. Miss Pross was the loyal servant forLucie. She showed her loving devotion to Lucie by fighting off Madame Defarge. Many characters are skilled with the force of love in this book. MissPross, fought off Madame Defarge for the reason that she loved Lucie, and didnot want anything to happen to her. The true love was the feelings of Sydney forLucie. This love was so great he sacrificed his own life for her. He showedmore love for her than for himself. Hate is also plays a big part in the book. Madame Defarge had so much hate she went to the extent of trying to kill Lucie. This backfired and instead of Lucie dying she died in a struggle versus MissPross. Even Madame Defarges husband Earnest Defarge shows hate when heaccidentally runs over a peasants son and kills him. Mr. Defarge showed noremorse for what he had done, and instead was very hateful toward the father ofthe child. The boys father shows his hate toward Mr. Defarge by gettingrevenge for his sons death. The boys father was powered by hate when he tookMr. Defarges life into his own hands and killed Mr. Defarge. Death plays a tremendous part of this book. Death in this book shows up inmany different ways by accidents, murders, and even the death penalty. Thedeath of the peasant boy was a total accident. The boy was hit by Mr. Defargeshorse carriage when the boy was trying to cross the road. This incident causedthe murder of Mr. Defarge. Mr. Defarge was killed by the peasant boys fatherlater on. The boys father killed Mr. Defarge because he did not try to helpthe boy out at all. He just went on as nothing had happened. The death ofMadame Defarge was an accident for the reason the she has shot will she was in astruggle with Miss Pross. Madame Defarge was trying to kill Lucie and herfamily when she was found out, and then she shot her self by accident. Thedeath of Sydney Carton was caused by his love for Lucie. Charles Darnay wastried for treason and was sentenced to die by the guillotine. Charles wasmarried to Lucie. Sydney pronouncing his love for Lucie died in the place ofCharles. Sydney did this so Lucie would be happy with Charles for the rest ofher life. .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .postImageUrl , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:hover , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:visited , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:active { border:0!important; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:active , .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769 .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u811e5570012d4e0471e4bc35513ca769:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teenage alcoholism EssayAll these themes are interconnected in one way or another. They all endup to be talking about the same people and the actions they took to makesomething happen the way they want it too. The themes above are a couple of themajor themes in this book by Charles Dickens. The theme of sacrifice in thisbook shows the audience it is sometimes all right to give up something meanssomething to them. The theme of love and hate gives the audience a real look atlife and how love and hate effects the life of a person. The theme of death isa theme of many books, because it happens to everybody no matter how hard theytry to stop it from happening. Category: English

How Poor Intercultural Communication Affects International Commerce and Foreign Policy free essay sample

The meaning arrived at or the knowledge and accepted truth toward an issue is more or less the consensus of a group. When two cultures are in proximity to each other although their cultures may be different they still may have power or influence over the decisions, practices and beliefs of the each other. In this example, I will use the national issue in France involving a majority of the French people objecting to Turkey being allowed to join into the European Union. The French, who share a particular national identity and history, have shared their different views as Frenchmen and Europeans why Turkeys acceptance into the European Union is not acceptable. Turkey, the nation in between Europe and Asia is seen as an important economic and political ally by many European nations with Turkey having access to many of the passageways toward Asia and Russia for trade and the most important oil and gas pipelines. We will write a custom essay sample on How Poor Intercultural Communication Affects International Commerce and Foreign Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Turks were deeply disappointed when they received the news from France that they were unwanted. France’s influence was powerful among the other G8 member nations and its leadership within the European Union was highly valued. Many important French allies like Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Belgium considered the French people’s position because their own population was so heavily influenced by the public opinion of the French people. Many of the leaders within Turkey â€Å"were extremely offended and took it as a form of discrimination and disrespect against them as Turks† stating that the â€Å"French were Bullies†. This caused the Turks, who had settled long before within France, to have major clashes against far right French nationalists that resulted in violence. To worsen the situation that was quickly becoming a cultural battle and causing serious economic downturn; Turkey became unbending when the French needed to get resources through their energy and logistics companies which were accessing the Turks pipelines, shipping systems and water passageways that accessed Asia, the Middle East and Russia. The French leadership groups needed to clarify their position fast. They requested agreement and negotiation talks with Turkish leaders in order to save face and gain access to the international routes within Turkey. In the end, they managed to negotiate mutually respectful economic and political agreements where the Turks were encouraged to use display-advertising campaigns in an effort to change the French and Western European opinion about their acceptability in the European Union. Turkey also had to agree to fulfill several economic, financial and political standards in order to be accepted into the European Union by a specific deadline. Although government diplomats are supposed to be trained and knowledgeable about the culture and the history of the nations and the people they are representing in order to avoid the mistakes of miscommunication, sometimes over-sensitivity in regards to a particular cultural community or social group can lead to unconscious discriminative judgments and overly patriotic heroisms. Defining Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication is defined by, Witness Essential, â€Å"as the understanding of how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate and perceive the world around them. This can also include cultural differences such as age, race and gender. † The study of intercultural communication is of great importance in the progression of our society as a planet to become a connected group of people and is researched by several industries of study including but not limited to anthropology, cultural studies, and linguistics, psychology and communications studies. Being able to understand how people from different cultures and religions communicate, interact, and perceive the environment around them allows for the formation of important guidelines and practices which help combat and avoid anxiety and uncertainty in government, business, and personal intercultural relationships for the purpose of efficient negotiations and merges different cultures into more tolerant cohesive existence. It is imperative that these same principles are utilized when communicating to cultural groups other than our own because people from different cultures encode and decode messages and meaning differently. Because of this, what is acceptable to one is not necessarily acceptable by the other especially if they base their practices on their own judgments and ideas and communicate disregarding the judgments and ideas of any other culture. Ignorance can lead to devastating and damaging assumptions in terms of building intercultural relationships when one enters communication using the same old ethnocentric approach. It is a lot like the Nazis viewing the world according to their standards and beliefs without regards to the rights and beliefs of any other group. It is also the same as extreme radicals imposing religious beliefs on those who have different religious preferences than their own and attempting to get them to conform to those beliefs even though it is against the other cultures personal beliefs. What is true for you based on your own history and experience is not necessarily true to those who come from different cultures with different intercultural viewpoints but those differences should still be respected. We may find that we actually have very similar ideas and that our cultural truths resemble that of another if we actually took the time to learn and appreciate one another’s differences. An example of this is that in our country â€Å"Mothers are loved and respected. † This is most likely true in all nations and cultures but probably â€Å"varies in the details of their traditions by how they are appreciated and respected by their family members and from their cultural groups. (Intercultural Communication Journal, August 2009) Resolving Cross Cultural Barriers: Key points and Theories Because important decisions in business, politics, education, health, and culture these days usually effect citizens of more than one nation, the question of whether communication between people of different nations is effective and whether all parties emerge with the same understanding is of crucial importance. (Intercultural Communication Journal, August 2009) According to E. Griffin – McGraw-Hill, â€Å"the elements of competent cross cultural communication include knowledge; information that would enable parties to interact efficiently and effectively, motivation; a display of positive empathy toward the culture that the other party belongs to, and skills; the necessary learned behavior, like knowledge of the other cultures history or language, that would allow for an efficient decoding and encoding of meaning between said parties despite their cultural gaps. † â€Å"When language skills between parties are unequal,† C. L. Bovee recommends, â€Å"avoidance of using slang and idioms; choosing words that will convey only the most specific denotative meaning, listening carefully and if in doubt, asking for confirmation of understanding, (especially if local accents and pronunciation are a problem); recognizing that accenting and intonation can cause meaning to vary significantly; respecting the local communication formalities and styles, and watching out for any changes in body language; investigating the other cultures perception of your culture by reading literature about your culture through their eyes before entering into communication with them.

Free Essays on A Mother

Economic Status and the Maternal Figures in No Matter What and â€Å"A Mother† From as early as the days of ancient Rome and Greece your economic status and place in society determined what kind of life you and in turn, your family would lead. It also determined the expectedness of the offspring of the family. In â€Å"A Mother† by James Joyce and No Matter What by Mary Saracino both of the matriarchal figures are on different spectrums of economic status. Mrs. Kearny in â€Å"A Mother† does not have to worry about where the grocery money is going to come from as Marie does in No Matter What. â€Å"I need grocery money. Don’t be cheap this time.† (Page 94) Economic stress can lead to many things in a person’s life. Economic stability has a lot to do with the happiness and comfort ability of ones life. Mrs. Kearny came from an economically comfortable background and therefore entered into a marriage with which she would again be economically comfortable. â€Å"She had been educated in a high-class convent where she l earned French and music.† (Page 139) Marie Giov! anni came from a poor economic background and consequently married into another poor economic family. In my essay, I will compare the lives of Mrs. Kearny and Marie Giovanni and the effects that their economic status has on their lives. When one does not have the extra worry of money to think about, life can almost seem a little easier. Financial issues in a family can lead to major problems, especially between husband and wife. Financial issues are actually one of the leading causes of divorce. In No Matter What, Marie is very unsatisfied with her economic status in life. Marie always dreamed of being something more than she became. â€Å"Mama says her life isn’t what she wanted it be.† (Page 74) Besides other problems Marie might have with her husband, Paulie, she feels that life with her lover, Patrick, will take her out of the economic poverty th... Free Essays on A Mother Free Essays on A Mother Economic Status and the Maternal Figures in No Matter What and â€Å"A Mother† From as early as the days of ancient Rome and Greece your economic status and place in society determined what kind of life you and in turn, your family would lead. It also determined the expectedness of the offspring of the family. In â€Å"A Mother† by James Joyce and No Matter What by Mary Saracino both of the matriarchal figures are on different spectrums of economic status. Mrs. Kearny in â€Å"A Mother† does not have to worry about where the grocery money is going to come from as Marie does in No Matter What. â€Å"I need grocery money. Don’t be cheap this time.† (Page 94) Economic stress can lead to many things in a person’s life. Economic stability has a lot to do with the happiness and comfort ability of ones life. Mrs. Kearny came from an economically comfortable background and therefore entered into a marriage with which she would again be economically comfortable. â€Å"She had been educated in a high-class convent where she l earned French and music.† (Page 139) Marie Giov! anni came from a poor economic background and consequently married into another poor economic family. In my essay, I will compare the lives of Mrs. Kearny and Marie Giovanni and the effects that their economic status has on their lives. When one does not have the extra worry of money to think about, life can almost seem a little easier. Financial issues in a family can lead to major problems, especially between husband and wife. Financial issues are actually one of the leading causes of divorce. In No Matter What, Marie is very unsatisfied with her economic status in life. Marie always dreamed of being something more than she became. â€Å"Mama says her life isn’t what she wanted it be.† (Page 74) Besides other problems Marie might have with her husband, Paulie, she feels that life with her lover, Patrick, will take her out of the economic poverty th...

The Individual and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Individual and Society - Essay Example The individual has violated a type of social norm referred to as injunctive norm. Injunctive norms commonly refer to what is approved or disapproved by the culture, and they encourage behavior through the informal social sanctions. In other words, injunctive refer to the perceptions of what it is supposed to be done (De Cremer, Murnighan and Van Dick 69). For example, the individual has violated of what it is perceived to be done, not to litter the environment. The society in general, requires that the environment is kept clean and the incidences of littering are considered to be against the social norms. Thus, the individual has violated the social norms that require the environment to be kept clean. In USA, there are several organizations and interest groups that have taken the initiative of keeping the environment clean through methods such as litter prevention. Keep America Beautiful, Inc. (par. 6) asserts that littering is a personal choice. In other words, it is an individual behavior to choose to litter on the ground. 83 percent of the litter is disposed properly meaning that most people hold the notion that littering in the wrong places is not good. Thus, litter prevention is a social norm that is accepted by most people living in the USA. It will not be proper for an individual to litter in the wrong places in USA. As stated earlier, choosing to litter (that is, to litter on the ground) is an individual behavior. According to Keep America Beautiful, Inc. (par. 6), 81 percent of individuals litter intentionally; through methods such as flinging, dropping or flicking. It further states that individuals tend to litter in environments already littered. Some of the individuals believe that litter prevention is not their responsibility. These people lack sense of ownership for beaches, walkways, parks and other public places. They believe that someone will pick

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Proposal - Essay Example Pursuance of green sources of energy led Nevada and other neighbouring state to establish Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) regulation, which mandated the increase production of energy from renewable sources. For the state of Nevada, the RPS regulation required all energy producers to gradually increase the production of energy from renewable sources to 25% by the year 2025 out of which 6% must come from solar energy sources by the year 2016 (NECD, 2011). The strong emphasis on the use of solar energy is representative of the fact that Nevada is one of the best places in the United States where solar energy can be used. The purpose of this study is to establish the potential of Nevada's solar energy and its suitability as a source of energy for fulfilling current and future energy needs of Nevada in comparison with other alternative sources of energy. Statement of the Problem As the state of Nevada have been actively pursuing the strategy of using more renewable resources then conve ntional ones, research has been done measuring the total potential of each renewable resource in the state of Nevada. ... This research will also include a comparative study of suitability of other renewable resource and how they compare with solar energy. The purpose of the Study The primary purpose of this project is to find out if solar energy resource in Nevada State is sufficient enough to be utilized for energy needs of Nevada. This project will also demonstrate the utility of GIS in carrying out such suitability study. The research will make use of data, maps and images of Nevada available from MapCruzin website as well as other resources. Buffer Analysis will be utilized through ArcGIS software in establishing the suitability of solar energy. Literature Review Nevada is considered one of the most versatile states in the US when it comes to renewable energy. It has excellent a wide range of excellent sites which could be developed for all four renewable resources. At the moment a significant amount of state's energy is generated through renewable resources. This is due to the Renewable Portfolio Standard regulation passed in 2001, according to which 15% of the state's electricity is required to be produced through renewable resources by 2013 which would then eventually rise to 25% by 2025. Among the widely available renewable energy sources that have already been utilized for electricity production are Wind, Solar, Geothermal as well as hydropower (Energy Atlas, 2011). Geothermal Geothermal energy industry is also one of the more mature ones in Nevada, as the state is the second largest user of geothermal energy for electricity production in the US while a total power production of 550 megawatt and an untapped potential of a further 1000 megawatts make it number one in utilization of geothermal energy per capita. Nevada